Biplab Das 
In a bid to address China’s dominance in battery technology and export controls, two influential Democratic U.S. senators, Mark Warner and Joe Manchin, have urged the U.S. Department of Energy to accelerate battery manufacturing and advance research in next-generation battery technology. They stressed the importance of reducing the country’s dependence on China in this crucial field and cited expert opinions that suggest the United States is significantly behind Asia in battery technology commercialization.
China’s dominance in battery technology
China currently leads the global electric vehicle (EV) battery supply chain, controlling over 75% of battery cell production and crucial components like graphite, which is vital for battery anodes. The letter highlighted China’s decision to limit exports of graphite, further emphasizing the need for the United States to bolster its battery manufacturing capabilities and secure supply chains for essential materials.
Challenges in the U.S. battery industry
The letter also pointed out that in 2022, the United States manufactured less than 10% of lithium-ion batteries, even though demand for such batteries is projected to grow over sevenfold by 2035. The senators stressed the importance of conducting ongoing research and development for next-generation battery technologies and called for a committee briefing on the matter by December 1.
Significance of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries play a pivotal role in various military systems, from handheld radios to unmanned submersibles, and are crucial for future capabilities such as lasers, directed energy weapons, and hybrid electric tactical vehicles, according to the Pentagon. However, China dominates global production in this field, accounting for 70% of the world’s lithium-ion battery production.
Concerns over critical minerals
The letter also raised concerns about the sourcing of critical minerals required for lithium-ion batteries. China has substantial control over these minerals, with a grip on 60-100% of mining and refining processes, further underscoring the urgency of strengthening the U.S. battery industry.
The way forward
In addition to addressing the current challenges, the senators emphasized the need for the United States to take the lead in next-generation battery technology and alternative chemistries. They proposed close coordination between the Department of Defense, national security agencies, and other stakeholders to support the procurement of innovative, U.S.-developed energy storage technologies.
